SPOC Scientific Studies on UAPs — Series I — Science-Based Speculative Studies on UAPs — PART 1/10

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How to Read This Book

This book presents the findings and perspectives developed by the Space Phenomena Observatory Center (SPOC), based on currently available scientific knowledge, aerospace engineering, physics, artificial intelligence research, and publicly reported information concerning UAP (Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena) from around the world.

The flight principles, internal structures, propulsion systems, manufacturing facilities, and possible scenarios for contact with NHI (Non-Human Intelligence) discussed in this book include both concepts supported by established science and hypotheses developed through scientific analysis and speculation.

The illustrations presented in this book—including diagrams of internal structures, manufacturing facilities, and conceptual systems—are speculative visualizations developed by SPOC. They are based on the hypotheses examined in this book, including spacetime-distortion propulsion, inertial mass reduction, and high-energy electromagnetic fields, together with currently available scientific knowledge. The actual structures and technologies of UAPs or NHI have not been confirmed. These illustrations are conceptual visualizations based on publicly available information and science-based speculation.

When confronting unknown phenomena, neither dismissing them outright nor accepting them uncritically represents a scientific approach. What matters is maintaining a calm and open-minded perspective, grounded in established science while objectively considering future possibilities.

We hope this book will inspire readers to develop a deeper interest in space and science.

UAP/UFO Flight Principles and Propulsion Hypotheses from the Perspective of Modern Science

Updated: April 5, 2026
Tokyo, Japan

Space Phenomena Observatory Center (SPOC) — Powered by IS・INCA©

Representative, Space Phenomena Observatory Center (SPOC)
Hiroshi Kitajima

Supervised by
Akira Kurosaki
Special Advisor, Space Phenomena Observatory Center (SPOC)
Former Professor, The University of Tokyo

Masaaki Obata
Special Advisor, Space Phenomena Observatory Center (SPOC)
Master of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
Former Researcher at a Materials Manufacturer

Space Phenomena Observatory Center (SPOC) — Powered by IS・INCA©

Watch the video version here:
https://youtu.be/zvIZjuxS4q4

Introduction

A Lineage of “Unknown Propulsion Research” Spanning More Than 70 Years

From the 1940s through the 1980s, numerous forms of “non-mainstream physics” were proposed around the world in attempts to explain the flight principles of UFOs and UAPs.

Here, “non-mainstream physics” refers to hypotheses and independent theories outside mainstream scientific theory. Similar ideas can also be found in mythology and religious writings, but those are not included in this discussion.

Examples include theories of riding a cosmic magnetic field using north and south magnetic poles; Norman Dean’s reactionless “Dean Drive”; John Searl’s rotating-magnetic-field “Searl Disc”; and the high-voltage ion-propulsion “ionocraft” associated with Thomas Townsend Brown and others.

Thomas Townsend Brown is known as a pioneer associated with antigravity and UFO propulsion theories, ionocraft, electric propulsion, and what is commonly called electrohydrodynamic (EHD) propulsion.

Other ideas that have been discussed include Shinichi Seike’s “Super-Relativity Theory,” John Hutchison’s anomalous phenomena allegedly produced by strong electromagnetic fields—the “Hutchison Effect”—and rumors of a U.S. military black project known as the TR-3B. The TR-3B is said to be a triangular craft allegedly developed under a highly classified program using antigravity or electromagnetic propulsion.

Many of these claims lack scientific reproducibility. What they share, however, is the underlying idea of:

“Controlling gravity, inertia, and space itself.”

Electromagnetic propulsion using galactic magnetic fields and the Biefeld-Brown effect have also appeared in the history of UFO research. The Biefeld-Brown effect refers to a force observed in high-voltage capacitor systems.

In modern UAP research, theoretical discussion has evolved from simple “antigravity” toward concepts such as vacuum engineering, spacetime distortion, inertial control, and quantum-field control.

This line of thought extends into concepts such as the Pais patents and the Alcubierre drive.

In that sense, present-day UAP research can be viewed as an extension of more than 70 years of “unknown propulsion research.”

The Key to Understanding UAPs

They Are Difficult to Explain by the Idea of “Pushing Against the Air”

A key point in considering UAP flight characteristics is that they are difficult to explain using the conventional idea that an aircraft flies by pushing against the surrounding air.

The 2021 U.S. ODNI report also recorded that some UAP appeared to remain stationary in winds aloft, maneuver abruptly, or move at considerable speed without discernible means of propulsion.

In addition, 21 reports described unusual UAP movement patterns or flight characteristics, and 11 documented instances in which pilots reported near misses.

One of the most closely discussed possibilities in UAP research is that such objects may be controlling the surrounding spacetime, inertia, and medium simultaneously.

This is consistent with models involving spacetime distortion, inertial mass reduction, high-energy electromagnetic fields, plasma envelopes, and higher-dimensional navigation.

In other words, it is a hypothesis of “Field Engineering.”

This concept also has strong points of similarity with ideas discussed in recent years by Luis Elizondo, former head of the U.S. Department of Defense AATIP program, in his book Imminent.

It also appears broadly consistent with characteristics seen in UAP videos released with declassified material beginning in May 2026 and in footage recorded by SID-1.

— End of PART 1 —

Continued in PART 2 →

Author＝Hiroshi Kitajima

View all articles by Hiroshi Kitajima

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